What Are Express Entry Draws?
For candidates in the Express Entry pool, keeping track of the latest draw results is crucial. Many hopeful immigrants regularly check for updates to see if their Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) scores might earn them an invitation. Express Entry draws are essentially selection rounds (officially called “rounds of invitations”) where Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) invites the top-ranking candidates from the pool to apply for permanent residence.
These draws typically occur periodically – about every two weeks – as IRCC “invites the top candidates in the pool to apply for permanent residence during rounds of invitations”. In each draw, IRCC sets a cutoff CRS score, and all candidates with a score above or equal to that cutoff receive an Invitation to Apply (ITA) for permanent residency. This process allows Canada to meet its immigration targets by regularly selecting skilled workers from the pool based on merit (points).
How Do Express Entry Draws Work?
Each Express Entry draw works like a competitive ranking exercise. Candidates create an online profile and enter the Express Entry pool, where they are assigned a CRS points score based on factors like age, education, work experience, language skills, etc. Once in the pool, candidates are automatically ranked by their CRS score against all other profiles. When IRCC holds a draw, it first decides on the round type (for example, a general draw or a targeted draw) and the number of invitations to issue.
The system then selects the highest-ranked candidates in descending order of CRS score until that number of invitations is met. The CRS score of the lowest-ranked candidate invited becomes the cut-off score for that round. For instance, if IRCC plans to invite 3,000 candidates and the 3,000th candidate has a CRS of 485, then 485 is the cutoff; everyone with 485 or above gets an ITA, while those below 485 do not in that round.
After each draw, IRCC publishes the results, including the date of the draw, the number of ITAs issued, the cutoff CRS score, and the round type. One important fairness mechanism is the tie-breaking rule: if multiple candidates have exactly the cutoff CRS score, IRCC uses the timestamp of profile submission as a tiebreaker. In other words, for candidates who are right at the cutoff score, whoever submitted their profile earlier (before the specified tie-break date/time) will get the invitation. This encourages candidates to submit their profiles as soon as they are ready, since an earlier submission can make the difference in a tie situation. Once a draw is done, candidates who received an ITA have 60 days to submit a full permanent residence application. Those not invited remain in the pool (profiles stay active for up to 12 months from creation) and can be selected in future draws if their score meets a later cutoff.
When Is the Next Express Entry Draw?
A common question is “When will the next draw happen?” The reality is that Express Entry draws do not follow a fixed schedule announced far in advance. Historically, IRCC has aimed to hold draws roughly every two weeks, often on Wednesdays, but this can vary. In practice, the frequency and timing of draws are at IRCC’s discretion. Typically, there are about two draws per month, but there have been instances of more frequent draws (for example, multiple rounds in a single week) as well as pauses. For example, in 2023 IRCC sometimes conducted several draws in one week to meet targets, while in other periods draws were temporarily paused for a few weeks due to policy adjustments or backlogs.
In general, candidates should expect a draw approximately every two weeks, but keep in mind that IRCC does not announce exact draw dates ahead of time. The best strategy is to stay alert by monitoring the official IRCC “Rounds of invitations” page and credible immigration news sources for any surprise draws or changes. If you are in the pool, remember that even if a couple of weeks pass without a draw, IRCC may simply be adjusting its schedule – and sometimes they compensate with larger or more frequent draws later. As of now, there is no official “next draw date” published; just know that draws are ongoing throughout the year as needed to reach Canada’s immigration targets. Keeping your profile up-to-date and meeting all requirements ensures you won’t miss out when a draw does occur.
Types of Express Entry Draws (All-Program, PNP & Category-Based)
Not all Express Entry draws are the same. IRCC uses different types of rounds of invitations to meet various policy objectives. The main types of Express Entry draws include:
- General (All-Program) Draws:
These are draws in which all candidates in the pool, regardless of program, are eligible. IRCC simply invites the top-ranking candidates across the entire pool, spanning all three Express Entry programs (Federal Skilled Worker, Canadian Experience Class, and Federal Skilled Trades) as well as any candidates with provincial nominations. All-program draws typically issue a large number of ITAs and have cut-off scores that reflect the very top of the pool (since everyone is competing together). This is the most common draw type and is what people usually refer to by default when mentioning an “Express Entry draw.”
- Program-Specific Draws:
In these draws, IRCC targets a particular immigration program and invites only those candidates. For example, a PNP-specific draw will invite only candidates who have a Provincial Nominee Program nomination in their profile. Similarly, IRCC has in the past held draws exclusive to Canadian Experience Class (CEC) candidates or occasionally Federal Skilled Trades Program candidates. Program-specific rounds allow IRCC to meet specific needs or clear inventories; for instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were periods of CEC-only draws (to prioritize applicants already in Canada) and frequent PNP-only draws. PNP-only rounds usually have very high cut-off scores because all invited candidates automatically have 600 extra points from their nomination (leading to CRS scores often 700+). Program-specific draws are announced as such in the round’s details – e.g. “Provincial Nominee Program draw” – and only those eligible for that program will receive ITAs in that round.
- Category-Based Draws:
Starting in 2023, IRCC introduced a new draw type focusing on candidates with specific skills or attributes, regardless of which Express Entry program they are in. In a category-based round, the immigration minister establishes a category (or multiple categories) tied to an economic goal – for example, a category for healthcare workers, or for French-speaking candidates. IRCC then invites top-ranking candidates who meet the criteria of that category (while still requiring them to be eligible under one of the main Express Entry programs). Category-based selection is a way to target immigrants with in-demand skills or to support demographic goals (like boosting Francophone immigration) beyond just the CRS score ranking. In these draws, if you fall into the chosen category, you compete against others in that category based on CRS points. Category-based rounds are meant to supplement general draws, not completely replace them. IRCC has stated that candidates with provincial nominations will continue to be invited through general and PNP-specific rounds as usual, even as category-based draws run in parallel.
Targeted Category-Based Draws in 2023 – 2025
Category-based Express Entry draws were first launched in mid-2023, and they have continued into 2024 and 2025 as a tool to address specific labor market needs. Initially, IRCC established six categories for targeted invitations:
- French-language proficiency
- Healthcare and social services occupations
- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) occupations
- Trade occupations
- Agriculture and agri-food occupations
- Education occupations
These categories were chosen based on Canada’s economic priorities and consultations with stakeholders. Throughout late 2023 and 2024, IRCC held a number of category-specific draws – for example, draws exclusively inviting healthcare professionals, or ones targeting strong French speakers, or skilled trades workers. One notable outcome of category-based rounds is that they sometimes allow candidates with somewhat lower CRS scores (who might not rank at the very top of the entire pool) to get invitations, because they excel in a specific priority area.
For instance, some French-language category draws in 2023 – 24 had CRS cut-offs in the 370s and 400s, significantly lower than the typical all-program cut-offs, since French-speaking candidates were being picked out specifically. Similarly, trades-focused draws had lower cut-offs (around the 400s) compared to general draws. This shows the intent: to bring in candidates with needed skills or language abilities even if their pure CRS ranking was slightly lower.
For 2025, IRCC has signaled a refined focus for category-based selection. The priority categories for 2025 include healthcare occupations, trade occupations, and French-language proficiency. This suggests that most targeted draws in 2025 will zero in on these three areas (where Canada has high demand), while the other established categories (STEM, agriculture, education) may be used less or combined into general draws if those candidates are already being invited. It’s an evolving system – each year the Minister can update the categories based on labor market needs. The key takeaway for candidates is: if you have strengths in any priority category (like French skills or a healthcare background), make sure your Express Entry profile reflects that, as it could make you eligible for a targeted draw that improves your chances of an ITA.
Regardless of draw type, all invited candidates receive an ITA and can then apply for PR – the difference is purely in how IRCC selects them. General draws cast the widest net, program-specific draws ensure certain programs (like PNP or CEC) get attention, and category-based draws allow more nuance in selection by occupation or language. All three kinds of draws will continue to be used in order to balance overall immigration intake with specific economic goals.
CRS Cut-Off Scores and Recent Draw Trends
Express Entry is a competitive system, and the CRS cut-off scores can fluctuate from one draw to the next. In recent years, Canada’s immigration targets have grown, and this has influenced draw sizes and score requirements. Here are some notable trends and facts:
- General Draw Cut-Offs
In all-program draws, the CRS cut-off typically ends up in the high 400s or low 500s, depending on how many candidates are invited. For example, during 2023, the CRS cut-off in general rounds ranged roughly from the 480s to 500+. According to year-end data, general draw cut-offs in 2023 spanned from 481 up to 507 (with a median around 496). This means that to get an ITA in a typical recent all-program draw, candidates often needed a score around 490 or above – a high bar that reflects strong profiles. It’s worth noting that these cut-offs rose compared to the pre-2020 era, partly due to a backlog of high-scoring candidates when draws were paused for a while, and partly due to more applicants achieving higher scores (e.g. through provincial nominations or multiple qualifications).
- PNP Draw Cut-Offs:
When IRCC does a PNP-specific draw, the CRS cut-off is almost always over 600. That’s because any Express Entry candidate with a provincial nomination automatically gets +600 points. In 2023, PNP-only draw cut-offs ranged roughly from the 690s into the 790s. A typical PNP draw might have a cut-off in the 700s, which essentially just reflects that nominees are being invited (for example, a nominee with a core CRS of 150 would have 750 after the +600 boost). The high score in these draws isn’t a “difficulty” indicator in the usual sense – it’s simply a result of the bonus points. Those invited already knew they had nominations, so these draws are more about clearing those through the system.
- Category Draw Cut-Offs:
As mentioned, category-based rounds have had variable cut-offs. Some categories, like French-speaking candidates, saw much lower cut-offs because the pool of eligible candidates was smaller and often had lower scores on average (e.g. one large French category draw in 2023 invited candidates with CRS ~375 and above). On the other hand, a category like STEM in 2023 had cut-offs closer to general draws (480s) because many STEM candidates also had high human capital scores. Generally, French, trades, and other targeted draws enabled invitations to candidates with scores that might have been too low for an all-program draw, thus meeting specific goals (French immigration, skilled trades shortages) while still bringing in qualified people.
- Record Number of ITAs:
IRCC significantly ramped up invitations in 2023. There were 42 draws in 2023, issuing a total of 110,266 ITAs – a 136% increase from the 46,539 ITAs issued in 2022. This was the highest number of annual invitations since Express Entry began. The surge was due to a combination of catching up after pandemic slowdowns and ambitious new immigration targets. Many draws in 2023 were large (some issuing 7,000+ invitations in one go) and the introduction of category draws meant extra rounds in between the general ones. In 2024, the pace remained strong, and by mid-2025 IRCC was on track to continue high levels of invitations to meet the Immigration Levels Plan goals.
- Unpredictability and New Patterns:
If you’re following Express Entry closely, you might have noticed some new patterns. For instance, in mid-2023, IRCC held a week of back-to-back draws (one all-program, one PNP, one French category) on consecutive days – something never done before. Also, late 2023 saw a brief pause (no draws in November 2023) as IRCC adjusted to the new system, but then resumed with even larger draws. The key lesson is that while historically one could expect a draw roughly every two weeks, the government can change frequency and focus as needed. Always look at the latest announcements: as Express Entry evolves with category-based selection, the mix of draws in a given year might include various targeted rounds alongside the regular ones.
Overall, CRS score trends indicate that competition remains intense, especially for those without any bonus points. A score in the 500s is increasingly common among invitees (often achieved by younger candidates with strong language scores, multiple degrees, and/or Canadian experience). However, the expansion of categories and the sheer number of ITAs being issued are positive signs for candidates: more invitations mean more chances, and targeted draws can benefit those who bring specific in-demand skills even if their score isn’t ultra-high. It’s wise to stay informed on draw results and to know where your own score stands relative to recent cut-offs.
How to Increase Your Chances in Express Entry
Since Express Entry draws are all about ranking by CRS points, the way to improve your chances of being invited is straightforward: increase your CRS score. Here are some key strategies to boost your score and enhance your prospects in future draws:
- Improve Your Language Scores:
Language proficiency (English and French) is one of the most heavily weighted factors. Even small improvements in IELTS or CELPIP results (for English) or TEF/TCF results (for French) can yield significant point gains. For example, achieving Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) 9 or above in all abilities can unlock a higher tier of points.
Similarly, if you know some French, consider taking a French test – IRCC awards bonus points for French-language ability (up to 25 or 50 points depending on your English level), which can make a big difference. Bilingual applicants (strong in both official languages) get the most points, but even basic proficiency in a second language can help. Given the introduction of French-targeted draws, strong French skills not only add points but also make you eligible for those category-based draws.
- Earn a Provincial Nomination:
By far the biggest boost available is a Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) nomination. If a Canadian province or territory nominates you through an Express Entry-aligned PNP stream, you get +600 CRS points instantly. This essentially guarantees an ITA in the next applicable draw because it puts most nominees well above any typical cut-off.
Each province has its own selection criteria for nominations (often targeting specific occupations or connections to the province). Research PNP options and see if you qualify – for example, Ontario, BC, Alberta, and others periodically pick Express Entry candidates from the federal pool. A successful nomination will shoot your score up to the top. (Note: if you do get a nomination, make sure to accept it in your IRCC account to get the points.)
- Increase Education or Credentials:
Higher education can increase your core points. If you’re on the cusp of completing a degree or diploma, adding an additional credential (especially a Canadian credential) can raise your score. Likewise, getting your foreign education assessed (ECA) to count in Express Entry is essential. Having two or more degrees/diplomas (for example, a bachelor’s + a post-grad certificate) yields extra points over just one degree. While going back to school is a big commitment, some candidates choose to pursue further education (or study in Canada) to become more competitive in Express Entry.
- Gain More Work Experience:
Accumulating additional skilled work experience can help, particularly if it’s Canadian experience. The CRS awards points for each year of skilled work (to a certain maximum). If you have, say, 2 years of experience, getting to 3 years can add points. Canadian work experience is especially valuable (a year of Canadian experience can add a lot to your score). If you’re already in Canada on a work permit, continuing to work and hitting new milestones (1 year, 2 years, etc.) will incrementally boost your CRS. Even foreign work experience, when it crosses certain thresholds (3 years or more), can contribute points.
- Leverage Spouse Factors (if applicable):
If you have a spouse or common-law partner, their profile can also impact your score. Sometimes, it might be advantageous for the partner with the higher human capital factors to be the principal applicant. Also, a spouse’s language test, education (with ECA), or Canadian experience can contribute additional points to your total. Don’t overlook those – for example, a spouse’s good IELTS scores can add valuable points to your CRS tally.
- Stay Up-to-Date on Policy Changes:
IRCC occasionally makes adjustments to the Express Entry points system. A recent example is the removal of job offer points in 2025. As of March 25, 2025, candidates no longer receive any CRS points for having a valid job offer (previously, arranged employment could give 50 or 200 points depending on the job). This means if you were counting on a job offer to boost your score, that’s no longer possible – you’d need to improve other factors. On the flip side, it puts more emphasis on things like language and education. Always keep an eye on IRCC updates or news (for instance, changes to points for French were made in the past, and new categories can be introduced). Adapting quickly to such changes can keep your strategy effective.
- Use Official CRS Calculator and Simulate Improvements:
IRCC provides a free CRS calculator tool on their website. It’s wise to use it to see where you stand and how certain changes would affect your score. For example, plug in a higher language score or an added diploma to see the potential new CRS. This can help you prioritize which improvement will yield the most points for you. Perhaps retaking IELTS for a chance at CLB 9 across the board will net more points than any other single move – the calculator can confirm that. Being data-driven here ensures you focus on the most impactful improvements first.
Finally, remember that Express Entry is dynamic. Profiles can be updated anytime if you have new information (e.g. a new test result, birthday, work experience milestone, etc.). Keeping your profile current and maximizing every possible point is crucial. Also consider alternative pathways: if your CRS is far from recent cut-offs, a provincial nomination or a job offer (even though it gives no CRS points, it might open PNP options or be required for certain programs) could be your ticket. Improving your Express Entry chances often means a combination of the above steps – each increment can bring you closer to that coveted ITA.
Getting Professional Help with Express Entry
Navigating the Express Entry process – from calculating your CRS to staying on top of draw updates and rule changes – can be complex and time-consuming. This is where seeking professional guidance may benefit you. An experienced immigration lawyer or consultant can provide personalized advice on how to improve your profile, which programs or PNPs to target, and how to avoid pitfalls in your application. For instance, if you’re unsure whether to re-take a language test or if you qualify for a provincial nomination, a legal professional can assess your situation and recommend the best course of action.
At Sutton Law, our immigration lawyers have helped many clients successfully navigate Express Entry. We offer one-on-one consultations to evaluate your CRS score and eligibility, assistance with profile creation and documentation, and strategic planning to maximize your chances of receiving an ITA. If you’re in the Greater Toronto Area or anywhere in Ontario (we’re based in Richmond Hill, ON), you can reach out for knowledgeable, up-to-date guidance on the Express Entry system.
Bottom line: Express Entry draws are the gateway to Canadian permanent residency for thousands of skilled workers. By understanding how the draws work, keeping an eye on the latest trends, and optimizing your own profile, you can improve your chances of being selected. And if you need a helping hand or expert insight, don’t hesitate to contact our team at Sutton Law for support. We can help ensure you’re ready for that next draw – and that you won’t miss out when your opportunity comes.
Sources: High-authority and official sources were used in compiling this article to ensure accuracy and currency of information, including the Government of Canada’s IRCC website for Express Entry criteria and draw data, as well as reputable immigration news and resource sites for analysis of recent draw trends.