Unlock Your Future: Post Graduate Work Permit Canada – Beat Policy Changes, Avoid Visa Stress & Secure Your Dream Career!

I. Introduction

The Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) is an open work permit available to eligible international graduates of Canadian post-secondary institutions. Unlike employer-specific work permits, an open permit allows you to work for any employer in Canada and gain invaluable experience in the Canadian workforce. This program often serves as a bridge to permanent residency (PR) – many graduates use the Canadian work experience gained under a PGWP to qualify for immigration programs like Express Entry’s Canadian Experience Class. In fact, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) has noted that the PGWP gives graduates “the opportunity to meet the required Canadian work experience in order to apply for their permanent residence”​. In short, the PGWP is a vital launching pad for international students to transition from studies to career, with broad work rights and the flexibility to build a life in Canada.

Open work rights and benefits: With a PGWP, you are not tied to any specific job or location. You can work full-time, part-time, or even be self-employed. There is no need for a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) or a job offer to hold this permit. This freedom allows PGWP holders to explore Canadian job opportunities in their field of study or any other area of interest. The work experience you gain can count toward PR eligibility – for example, Canadian work experience in a skilled occupation (TEER 0, 1, 2 or 3 jobs under the National Occupational Classification) can make you eligible for the Canadian Experience Class stream of Express Entry​. Many Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) also offer pathways to PGWP holders who find employment in the province. In summary, the PGWP is not just a work permit – it’s a stepping stone to building a future in Canada.

II. Are You Eligible for a PGWP?

To get a PGWP, you must meet all IRCC eligibility requirements. Below we break down these requirements:

A. Designated Learning Institution (DLI) and Eligible Program

You must have graduated from a Canadian designated learning institution (DLI) that is PGWP-eligible. Not all schools or programs qualify. A DLI is a school approved by a provincial or territorial government to host international students. However, even if a school is a DLI, certain programs (especially short courses or non-degree programs) might not be eligible for PGWP. IRCC advises that your proof of graduation (such as your transcript or diploma) must come from a “PGWP-eligible designated learning institution (DLI) and program”​.

Action: Before enrolling, check the IRCC’s official list of DLIs and confirm that your program of study makes you eligible for a PGWP. (IRCC’s website provides a searchable [Designated Learning Institutions list] with PGWP eligibility information for programs). Choosing a non-eligible institution or program is a common mistake that can make you ineligible for a PGWP later, so do your homework in advance.

B. Program Length Requirements

The length of your study program matters. Your program must be at least 8 months long (or longer) to qualify for a PGWP​. Programs shorter than 8 months do not make you eligible. Generally, if you completed a program that is 8 months or more and less than 2 years, your PGWP validity will match the length of your program (more on PGWP validity in Section III). If your program was 2 years or more, you are typically eligible for a 3-year PGWP by default​. (If you complete more than one eligible program back-to-back, you may combine their lengths when applying – for example, two 1-year programs could make you eligible for a 3-year work permit). Always ensure your program meets the minimum length – a program of only one semester or a short certificate under 8 months won’t qualify.

C. Full-Time Study Status (and Authorized Breaks)

Maintaining full-time status throughout your studies is crucial for PGWP eligibility. IRCC’s general rule is that you must have been a full-time student in every academic session of your program​, with the exception of your final semester (if you needed to study part-time in your last term to finish remaining credits, IRCC will not penalize you for that). Scheduled breaks in the academic calendar (such as winter and summer holidays, or a semester off if your program allows it) are generally fine and do not break your full-time continuity. However, taking unauthorized breaks or dropping to part-time studies in the middle of your program can make you ineligible for a PGWP.

If you took an approved leave from studies or studied part-time only in your very final term, ensure you have documentation, as you may need to explain this in your PGWP application. The safe strategy is to stay enrolled full-time each semester of your program until completion.

D. Confirmation of Program Completion

You must have completed and passed your program of study and have proof of it. Typically, you will need one of the following as proof: a degree or diploma, an official letter from your school, or an official transcript (or copy of your transcript from the school website). The document should clearly show that you met all the requirements to graduate from your program. Usually, a final transcript and an official completion letter from the registrar are provided when you finish your program – these are critical for your PGWP application. Ensure the document indicates the date you completed the program (or when your degree was conferred), since that date starts the 180-day clock for applying (see Section IV-A).

Importantly, your completion documents must come from a PGWP-eligible DLI/program as mentioned. When you apply, you will upload scans of your transcripts and/or the official letter or diploma – IRCC will use these to verify your eligibility. If your school doesn’t automatically give a completion letter, request one. Having all your academic documents ready will make the application smoother.

E. In-Canada Study (Delivery Method)

IRCC requires that you complete at least 50% of your program’s studies in Canada, in person. Programs involving distance learning (online courses) may still be eligible only if the majority of the program was completed while physically present in Canada. If you complete the majority of your credits through distance learning, you will not be eligible for a PGWP – IRCC has made it clear that doing most of your program online (especially from outside Canada) disqualifies you.

For example, if you began your program online from abroad and then came to Canada for the final semester, you must ensure that the portion completed in Canada is at least half of the program. (Due to COVID-19, there were temporary exceptions allowing online study from abroad without affecting PGWP eligibility, but those measures have ended for programs starting after September 2022.)

In summary: to preserve PGWP eligibility, attend classes in Canada for over 50% of your program’s duration. If your program is a mix of in-person and online, be mindful of this 50% rule. When in doubt, opt for in-person courses or consult your school’s international office to confirm that your mode of study won’t jeopardize your PGWP.

F. New Requirements (for Applications Submitted On or After November 1, 2024)

Beginning November 1, 2024, IRCC introduced additional eligibility criteria for PGWP applicants. These changes are meant to ensure graduates have language skills and are trained in fields that Canada needs. The new requirements are:

• Language Proficiency: Most PGWP applicants must now submit proof of English or French language ability with minimum benchmark scores. Specifically, you need to meet a minimum of Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) or Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens (NCLC) level 7 in each language skill (reading, writing, listening, speaking) if you graduated from an academic degree program (e.g. bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral degree). If you graduated from a college diploma or certificate or other non-degree post-secondary program, the requirement is a minimum of CLB/NCLC 5 in all four abilities. (Graduates of PGWP-eligible flight training programs are exempt from the language test requirement​)Accepted language tests include IELTS (General Training), CELPIP (General), PTE Core (English), and for French: TEF Canada or TCF Canada. You can choose any of these approved tests, but it must be taken in-person (not an online/at-home version) and the results must be less than 2 years old at the time of your PGWP application​. When you apply, you’ll enter your test results and upload the score report. IRCC will determine your CLB/NCLC level in each skill based on your test. For example, an IELTS General Training score of 6.0 in each skill equals CLB 7​, and roughly 5.0 in each skill is CLB 5. As a rule, aim for at least these scores (or higher) to meet the PGWP requirement.Tip: Use IRCC’s “[How to find your language level based on your test results]” resource to convert your test scores to CLB/NCLC levels​. And remember, you must achieve the minimum in each ability (no averaging). If a disability prevents you from being tested in one of the abilities, IRCC advises you to include an explanation; submitting incomplete language results without explanation could lead to refusal.
• Field of Study (Educational Program) Requirement: IRCC now evaluates the field of study for certain graduates to ensure it aligns with occupations in demand. If you applied for your initial study permit on or after Nov 1, 2024, and you graduated from a post-secondary program below the level of a bachelor’s degree (for example, a college diploma, certificate or trades program), then your program must be in an eligible field of study to get a PGWP​. In practice, this means the program you graduated from needs to be linked to an occupation facing a long-term labor shortage in Canada. IRCC has classified the eligible fields into six broad categories: agriculture and agri-food; education; health care; science, technology, engineering and math (STEM); trades; and transport. Each of these categories corresponds to a list of specific 6-digit Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) codes that are considered eligible.If this field-of-study requirement applies to you, you will need to provide proof that your program’s CIP code is on IRCC’s eligible list. Typically, this information is indicated on your transcript or completion letter. IRCC has an online table of eligible CIP codes and instructions for how to look up your program’s CIP​. To illustrate, programs in fields like early childhood education, veterinary medicine, architecture, computer science, nursing, etc., are on the list of eligible CIP codes​.Who is exempt from the field-of-study requirement? If you earned a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree, you do not need to meet the field-of-study requirement (all degree programs remain eligible regardless of field)​. Likewise, graduates from PGWP-eligible flight schools are exempt. And if you had applied for your study permit before Nov 1, 2024 (meaning you were already studying when the rule came into effect), you are not subject to this new field requirement​. Essentially, the rule targets future college-level students to encourage training in high-demand fields.

  Action: If you’re in a diploma or certificate program and you got your study permit after Nov 1, 2024, check IRCC’s “Field of study requirements” page to see if your program’s CIP code is listed. You may need your institution’s help to find the CIP code. IRCC will also expect you to provide evidence of your program’s field (for example, a letter from your school or a notation on your transcript showing the CIP). It’s now a key part of PGWP eligibility for non-degree graduates.

G. Who Is Not Eligible for a PGWP?

There are certain situations where you cannot get a PGWP, even if some of the above criteria are met. You are not eligible for a PGWP if any of the following apply:

• You studied in a program that is not eligible: This includes language training programs (such as English as a Second Language or French as a Second Language courses) and general interest or self-improvement courses. For example, if you came to Canada only to study English or French for a year, that program won’t make you eligible for a PGWP – no work permit will be granted for purely language studies. Similarly, if you did a general interest course (like a continuing education course not leading to a credential), that won’t qualify.
• You completed most of your program by distance learning: As mentioned, if the majority of your coursework was done online/remotely (especially from outside Canada), you won’t get a PGWP. IRCC expects that more than 50% of your study was completed in Canada. Fully online degrees or diplomas obtained while abroad are not eligible. (There is an exception for students who studied online from within Canada during the pandemic years when online classes were the norm – IRCC allowed those to count. But going forward, in-person study is required.)
• You already received a PGWP before: The PGWP is a one-time opportunity. You cannot get it twice. For instance, if you completed a one-year certificate and got a PGWP for one year, then returned to school and completed another program, you would not be able to get a second PGWP for the new program. You get only one post-graduation work permit in your lifetime. (This is why some students who plan multiple programs wait and apply once at the end to combine them into one PGWP.)
• You received certain scholarships or were part of specific programs that mandate you return to your home country after graduation. For example, if you were sponsored by Global Affairs Canada (GAC) under programs such as the Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship Program or Government of Canada Awards Program, you might be ineligible for a PGWP. These awards often have conditions that you must leave Canada after studies. Similarly, exchange students (studying in Canada for a semester/year on exchange from a foreign institution) are typically not eligible for PGWP, because their credential is officially granted by the foreign institution, not the Canadian DLI.

If any of these disqualifications apply, unfortunately a PGWP will not be approved. However, you may have other options (such as employer-specific work permits or different immigration programs), which are beyond the scope of this post. The key takeaway is to plan ahead to avoid falling into an ineligible category – choose eligible programs, study full-time, and don’t violate study permit conditions.

III. PGWP Validity: How Long Will Your Work Permit Be Valid?

The length of your PGWP (how many years it’s valid for) depends on the length of your study program and a few special rules introduced recently. IRCC will issue your PGWP according to the following guidelines:

• Program length = PGWP length: For most graduates, your PGWP will be valid for the same duration as your completed study program, up to a maximum of 3 years. For example, if you graduated from a 1-year (12-month) graduate certificate, you can expect about a 1-year work permit. If you did a 16-month master’s program, you might get a 16-month PGWP. If you finished a 2-year (24-month) diploma, you would likely receive a 3-year PGWP (since 2 years or more yields the maximum of 3 years). IRCC has confirmed that aside from the new master’s exception (discussed next), PGWP lengths “continue to align with the length of the study program, to a maximum of 3 years.”​
• Master’s degree exception (as of Feb 15, 2024): A major positive change for graduate students – effective February 15, 2024, all graduates of Master’s degree programs are eligible for a 3-year PGWP, even if their master’s program was shorter than 2 years​. Previously, a one-year master’s degree would only fetch a one-year PGWP, which often wasn’t enough time for PR. Now, whether your master’s was 8 months, 12 months, or 18 months, you can still get a full 3-year work permit (as long as you meet all other PGWP requirements). IRCC introduced this change recognizing that “graduates of master’s degree programs are excellent candidates to succeed in Canada’s labour market and potentially transition to permanent residence”​, and they want to give them a better chance to gain the required experience.Important: This rule specifically applies to master’s degrees. It does not extend to graduate diplomas or postgraduate certificates – those would follow the regular length rules. Also, it doesn’t mean you can get more than 3 years; 3 years is the cap. For example, if you completed a 1-year Master of Management program, you will now be eligible for a 3-year PGWP (instead of 1 year under old rules). If you completed a 2-year master’s, you would anyway get 3 years (that hasn’t changed; it’s just that now 1-year and 1.5-year masters get bumped up to 3). Note: This master’s extension applies to PGWP applications submitted on or after Feb 15, 2024. If you applied before that date, the old length rules likely applied.
• Combining multiple programs: If you graduate from more than one eligible program, you can combine their lengths in a single PGWP application. The programs must each be PGWP-eligible and completed within a certain timeframe (generally within 2 years of each other). For example, you do an 8-month certificate program followed immediately by a 1-year diploma. You can apply for one PGWP after completing the second program – and IRCC will add 8 months + 12 months = 20 months, so your PGWP could be around 20 months (just under 2 years). If the combined length is 2 years or more, then you’ll get the full 3-year PGWP. Many students take this route by doing, say, two one-year postgraduate certificates back-to-back and then receiving a 3-year PGWP for the combined two years of study. The key is you must apply at once for both; you only get one PGWP, so you wait until after the final program is done. Make sure the gap between programs is short (e.g., the next academic intake) and that you had a valid study permit throughout. Combining is a smart strategy to maximize PGWP time.
• Passport expiry can limit PGWP length: One often overlooked factor is your passport’s expiration date. IRCC will not issue a work permit past the validity of your passport​. If your passport is set to expire sooner than the PGWP length you are eligible for, IRCC will cut short the PGWP to match the passport. For instance, if you are eligible for a 3-year PGWP but your passport expires in 1.5 years, IRCC will give you a PGWP that ends the same date your passport expires. This can be a big setback. Therefore, ensure your passport is valid for the entire length of time you seek before applying for the PGWP. If not, it is highly recommended to renew your passport first (if possible) and then apply for the PGWP with the longer passport validity.What if you already got a shorter PGWP because of your passport? IRCC has a mechanism to address this: you can apply for a PGWP extension to get the remainder of the time once you have a renewed passport​. This is essentially a one-time extension only in cases where the initial PGWP was truncated due to passport expiry. (The remark “Issued to passport expiry” on your work permit would indicate this scenario.) You would submit a paper application to extend the PGWP for the time you were originally entitled to. However, this is extra hassle and not always known to applicants. The best approach is to check your passport now – if, say, you are graduating next year and your passport expires next year as well, start the renewal process early. A passport that is valid for at least 3+ years out is ideal to ensure you get the full PGWP duration in one shot.

In summary, the maximum PGWP validity is 3 years in all cases – IRCC will not issue anything longer. If your program was 2+ years or you did multiple programs equating to 2+ years, expect 3 years. If it was between 8 months and 2 years, expect the equivalent length. The new twist: if it’s a master’s degree, you get 3 years even if the degree was short. Always double-check the dates on the PGWP issued to you, and if something is shortened (e.g., due to passport), know that you have the option to correct it by extending later.

IV. Application Process

Applying for the Post-Graduation Work Permit is a one-time opportunity, and there are firm deadlines and procedures. Below is what you need to know about when and how to apply, what documents to prepare, and other key steps.

A. When to Apply (Deadline: 180 Days After Completion)

Timing is critical. You must apply for the PGWP within 180 days (approximately 6 months) of completing your program​. The “clock” starts from the date your school issues your final marks or a formal notice of program completion (whichever comes first). In practical terms, this is often the date on the graduation letter or transcript that states you’ve met requirements. It is not necessarily your convocation ceremony date – usually it’s earlier, when final grades are available or when the faculty declares you graduated.

A few scenarios:

• If you finish in April, and your transcripts become available in May, the 180 days count from May.
• If you finish in December, and you get a completion letter that month, count from December.

Do not miss this 180-day window. If you fail to apply in time, you lose eligibility. Also, your study permit must have been valid at some point during those 180 days – if your study permit expired before you applied, you can still apply as long as it was valid within the 180 days prior to your PGWP application. This means you can apply after your study permit expires (you don’t have to keep it active the whole 6 months), but if you do so, you will need to apply to restore your status concurrently (and pay a restoration fee) because you cannot legally remain in Canada more than 90 days after losing status without restoration.

For a smoother process, many graduates choose to apply soon after graduation, often while their study permit is still valid. In fact, if you apply while your study permit is valid (or within the 90-day grace period after expiry, with restoration), you benefit from “maintained status” which lets you start working full-time while waiting for the PGWP decision (more on this in section IV-F and V). If you wait too long and your status expires, you must stop working until you apply and restore status.

Bottom line: Mark your calendar with the 180-day deadline. Aim to apply as early as possible once you have the required documents (completion letter/transcript). Procrastinating can risk your eligibility or delay your ability to work. If your study permit is about to expire and you don’t have your final marks yet, you have two options: apply for a visitor record to maintain status until you can apply for PGWP, or leave Canada and apply from outside (you can apply for PGWP from overseas as well, within 180 days). Most students apply from within Canada immediately after getting their proof of graduation.

B. How to Apply (Online Application Only – No Border Applications)

Application method: The majority of applicants must apply online through IRCC’s website (specifically via your IRCC secure account, often the same account used for your study permit extension or visa applications). You’ll fill out a work permit application form (IMM 5710 if applying from inside Canada) and upload scanned documents. IRCC’s online system will guide you through a questionnaire to generate your personalized document checklist for a PGWP.

In the past, some graduates from visa-exempt countries would “apply at a port of entry” (for example, by flagpoling at a land border or asking for the PGWP at the airport upon re-entering Canada) to get an immediate decision. However, as of June 21, 2024, IRCC no longer allows PGWP applications at ports of entry. You cannot receive a PGWP by flagpoling or at the airport counter anymore. The new rule explicitly states: “As of June 21, 2024, you can no longer apply for a PGWP at a port of entry (airport, land or marine border) when entering Canada.”​. All applications must be submitted online (or on paper in very exceptional cases, such as if you have a disability that prevents online application).

So, plan to apply through the IRCC portal. If you’re in Canada, you’ll likely apply as a worker in Canada. If you have already left Canada after finishing studies, you can still apply online from outside Canada (in that case you’d answer that you are applying from outside). The process and requirements are the same, but you’ll get a letter of introduction to take to the border for issuance when you re-enter, rather than a permit mailed to a Canadian address.

No in-person or border applications: Do not attempt to go to the Canada-U.S. border to get your PGWP (a practice known as flagpoling) – border officers will not process PGWP applications now. This change was made to streamline processing and likely because of the new language/field requirements which are easier to assess through an online application.

C. Documents You Need to Submit

IRCC will require you to upload several documents with your PGWP application. According to IRCC’s document checklist for PGWP, you will need​:

• Proof that you’ve completed your studies: This is your graduation documentation – as discussed in section II-D, a copy of your final transcript and/or an official letter from your institution confirming you completed the program. A degree or diploma certificate can also serve as proof, but since those are sometimes issued later, the transcript and letter are most commonly used. Make sure the document shows completion date and the name of the credential earned.
• Proof of enrollment and full-time status: IRCC may ask for evidence that you were a full-time student (except possibly last semester). Often, your official transcript will indicate your enrollment status per semester. The application checklist mentions “proof that you were enrolled in full-time studies for a program that was 8 months or longer”​. An official transcript usually suffices for this, since it lists each term and credits taken (proving full-time course load). If transcripts are not clear, you could also include enrollment verification letters. Essentially, they want to confirm you didn’t go part-time or stop out (beyond allowable breaks) during the program.
• Proof of language ability (if applicable): This applies to applications submitted on or after Nov 1, 2024. If you fall under the new language requirement (which is most graduates, except flight school grads), you must upload your language test results​. This would be your IELTS score report, CELPIP result, TEF/TCF result, or PTE score sheet. Ensure it’s a valid test (from IRCC’s accepted list) and not expired. IRCC will verify that you meet the required CLB/NCLC for your program (CLB/NCLC 7 for degree graduates, CLB/NCLC 5 for non-degree). If you’re exempt (only flight school grads are exempt from language), you should indicate that in a letter of explanation. If you took your studies in English/French, note that you still need a test – being taught in English/French is not itself proof of language for PGWP, unlike admissions. So don’t forget this document if required.
• Proof of eligible field of study (if applicable): This is only for those who needed to meet a field of study requirement (see section II-F) – generally, graduates of diploma/certificate programs who got their study permit on/after Nov 1, 2024. IRCC may ask for evidence that your program is in one of the eligible CIP codes. How to prove this? Potentially via a letter from your college, or by providing the program outline that shows the CIP, or any official school document indicating the field. Some transcripts list the program name which might implicitly show field (e.g., “Diploma in Computer Systems Technology” clearly falls under STEM). IRCC might cross-reference the DLI and program name to a CIP code. Check IRCC’s field-of-study table and be prepared to point out which category your program falls under. If you have any doubt, include a short letter of explanation identifying your program’s CIP code and category (with any supporting evidence from the school).
• Proof of upfront medical exam (if applicable): You only need this if you are from a country where a medical exam is required for immigration, or if you want to lift certain work restrictions. For instance, if in the past 12 months you’ve lived in a designated country for 6+ months, IRCC needs a medical exam to allow you to work in health, child care, or teaching jobs in Canada. Many international students already did a medical exam when getting the study permit. If yours is still valid, you can provide that info. If not, and especially if you plan to work in healthcare or with vulnerable populations, consider getting a new medical and including the e-medical form. Otherwise, IRCC might issue a PGWP with a condition that you cannot work in healthcare or child care settings until you complete a medical. This is a minor detail – for most applicants, it’s not mandatory to do a new medical unless you want to remove job restrictions or you never did one and you’re from a country requiring it. The checklist says “if applicable.” If you’re unsure, you can skip it; the worst case is your PGWP will have a restriction that can be removed later by doing a medical and updating the permit.

In addition to the above, IRCC could request other documents on a case-by-case basis. For example, they might later ask for a copy of your degree or an explanation for a leave of absence. But those listed are the main ones. It’s wise to double-check the personal document checklist generated in your online application, as it will be tailored to your answers.

D. Fees and Payment

Applying for a PGWP involves paying two fees to IRCC: the standard work permit processing fee and the open work permit holder fee. Specifically, you must pay:

• Work permit processing fee: CAD $155 (this is the fee for any work permit application).
• Open work permit holder fee: CAD $100 (this is an additional fee for open work permits, which PGWP is).

So, the total should be $255 CAD. When you apply online, the system typically automatically adds these fees to your payment. (If you were restoring status, there’d be an extra $350 restoration fee on top, but that’s only if you lost status.)

It’s important to pay both the $155 and $100 fees – IRCC notes that “when you apply, make sure you pay the Open Work Permit holder fee and the standard work permit fee.”​ Missing one of these will delay your application (IRCC would send a request for the payment, losing you precious time).

Fees can change over time due to updates in regulations, so always confirm the current amount on IRCC’s fee schedule before paying. As of this writing, $255 is the correct total for a PGWP. If you apply from outside Canada, the fee is the same (currency conversion aside). Payment is done by credit/debit card online through IRCC’s portal.

Also note: many PGWP applicants need to provide biometrics (fingerprints and photo), depending on if you have done so for a previous application and whether it’s still valid. If IRCC prompts you to give biometrics, that’s an additional $85 fee and you’ll get a biometrics instruction letter after submitting the application, which you must take to a visa application center or authorized location to provide biometrics. However, if you gave biometrics for your study permit within the last 10 years, those are usually re-used, and you won’t be charged again. The online system will inform you if biometrics and the fee are required in your case.

In summary, prepare to pay the necessary fees with a credit card. The system will produce a receipt – save that for your records. The processing of your application will only start once you’ve paid in full.

E. Processing Times and Checking Application Status

How long does it take to get your PGWP approved? Processing times can vary based on the volume of applications and where you apply from. IRCC posts estimated processing times on their website (there’s a tool where you select “Work Permit (Inside Canada)” or “Work Permit (Outside Canada)” and it gives an average timeframe). These estimates could range from a few weeks to a few months. For instance, historically PGWP applications from inside Canada might average around 2-4 months, but this can change.

As of 2025, with new requirements, there might be some increased processing times initially. Always check the current estimate on IRCC’s [Check Processing Times] page before and after you apply, so you have an idea. Keep in mind this is just an estimate – some applications are processed faster, some slower.

You can monitor your application status through your online IRCC account. After submission, your application will show as “submitted” and then “processing.” IRCC will update the account with any messages or requests. Occasionally, IRCC might send a request for additional documents or clarification – be sure to check your account and email (including spam folder) regularly. If biometrics were required, processing won’t start in earnest until you complete that step.

If your application is approved, IRCC will send you a approval letter (port of entry letter) in your account (if you applied from outside Canada) or will directly mail you the work permit (if you applied from inside Canada). Inside Canada applicants: the actual PGWP comes as a paper permit mailed to your Canadian address on file. You’ll first see an approval message in your account (often called a “Letter of Introduction” or approval letter), and then within days, the permit arrives by mail. Make sure your mailing address in the application is current and check your mailbox.

It’s hard to be patient during processing, but as long as you applied in status, you can legally stay in Canada and even work (see next section). If processing exceeds the posted timelines, you can submit a case inquiry, but generally it’s just a waiting game. Try not to make international travel plans until you have the PGWP in hand, because re-entering Canada without it can be tricky (though if you need to travel, it’s possible to return as a visitor and collect the PGWP later or have someone send it to you).

In summary, check IRCC’s website for current processing times and plan accordingly. Most people get their PGWP in a few months or less. If there’s urgency (like a job start date), unfortunately there’s no way to expedite a PGWP; you have to wait your turn in processing. The good news is, in the meantime, you are typically allowed to work – which leads to the next point.

F. Working While Waiting: Maintained Status and Interim Work Rights

One huge advantage of the PGWP process for those applying from inside Canada is the ability to work while your application is in process, provided you applied appropriately. Here are the conditions and rules:

• If you apply for PGWP while your study permit is still valid (or within the 90-day restoration period after expiry), you benefit from what’s called maintained status (formerly implied status). This means you keep the privileges of your previous status until a decision is made. Importantly, a special public policy allows those who’ve completed their studies to begin working full-time as soon as they submit the PGWP application, without waiting for approval – even if your study permit was going to expire or had expired​. In the past, graduates had to wait until the PGWP was approved to work (if applying after SP expiry), but currently IRCC explicitly states: “You’re authorized to work until a decision is made on your work permit application”​ (as long as you applied within the 180 days and were eligible to work off-campus before).This means that if you finish your program and submit your PGWP application, you can immediately start working full-time for any employer. You do not need to hold off until the permit arrives. This is incredibly helpful – it lets graduates seize job opportunities right away. Do note, you must have completed your studies and you must have been allowed to work off-campus during your studies (most full-time students are allowed 20 hours/week during studies and full-time in breaks – if you respected those rules, you are fine). The day you submit the PGWP application, your status shifts to “applicant for PGWP” and you may work full-time, even if your study permit later expires while waiting.
• If your study permit expired and you had to apply with restoration (within 90 days after expiry), the situation is a bit more tricky. Technically, during the period after a status expires and before you apply to restore, you had no status and could not work. Once you apply (with restoration), you gain maintained status back, but there’s an interpretation that until IRCC approves your restoration, you shouldn’t work. However, IRCC’s recent guidelines suggest that even those who are restoring status can work while waiting, as long as the PGWP application is in – this was implemented to avoid penalizing people waiting for a long processing. To be safe, though, if you fall in the restoration scenario, confirm the current policy or consult an expert before working, because the wording can be confusing.
• If you left Canada and applied from outside, you cannot work in Canada until you actually return and get the PGWP issued at the border. So the interim work right is mainly for in-Canada applicants.
• Maintained status proof: While your PGWP is in process, your old study permit might expire. That’s okay – your status is extended by virtue of your application. You won’t have a separate document to prove this (other than a confirmation that your application was submitted). Employers might ask for proof you can work. The best proof is the combination of: your completion letter/transcript (proof you’ve finished studies), proof of PGWP application submission (like a screenshot of your application confirmation or the submission email), and the text from IRCC’s website about post-graduation work authorization. Many schools also explain this to employers. Essentially, it’s law/policy that you can work. If needed, you can refer employers to IRCC’s website which states post-graduation applicants can work full-time while waiting.
• Working restrictions while waiting: You are allowed to work full-time (no hour restrictions) while awaiting your PGWP if you were eligible to work off-campus as a student. There is no 20-hour cap anymore, since you’ve finished studies. However, one restriction: you cannot work until you’ve submitted the PGWP application. So if you finish school in April but only apply in July, you must not work in May/June (unless you had some other work permit). Only once you apply in July can you start working, even if it’s within 180 days. Therefore, it’s wise to apply as early as possible after finishing so you don’t have a work gap. If you do finish and need to wait a few weeks for documents, you are not supposed to work during that interim period on just a study permit that’s no longer valid for student work (once you’re done school, the study permit doesn’t authorize work anymore).

In summary, most graduates can start working full-time from the day they submit the PGWP application and continue working while IRCC processes it​. This period could be a couple of months or more, and you are covered to work throughout. Just ensure you applied within the allowed timeframe and you keep evidence of your application. If for any reason your PGWP is refused (hopefully not if you meet criteria), you’d have to stop working immediately. But assuming all is in order, you’ll seamlessly transition to the actual PGWP when it’s approved.

V. Working with a PGWP

Congratulations – you’ve got your Post-Graduation Work Permit in hand! Now, what are your rights and responsibilities as a PGWP holder in the Canadian workplace? Here’s what to expect:

• Open Work Permit – No Employer Restrictions: The PGWP is an open work permit, meaning you can work for any employer, in any occupation, anywhere in Canada. You are not tied to a specific job or company. You are free to change employers, work in multiple jobs, or have no job at all if you wish. The permit simply gives you legal authorization to work. (The only limitations might be medical: if you did not complete an immigration medical exam, your PGWP might have a condition printed on it prohibiting you from jobs in health care, child care, or teaching to vulnerable populations. This can be removed later by doing a medical exam and getting the condition lifted. If you already did a medical as a student or upfront, your PGWP will likely have no such condition.) Other than that, you have an open market to choose from.You can work full-time, take on part-time gigs, or even start your own business (self-employment is allowed). You can also be unemployed and look for work – there’s no requirement that you must be employed continuously on a PGWP. Of course, if your goal is PR, you will want to gain as much skilled work experience as possible (more on that below), but from a legal standpoint, the PGWP imposes no specific work quotas or employer criteria.The permit will list your personal details and validity dates. It may say “Open” under employer. Keep this document safe; employers will ask to see it when you are hired to verify your authorization. A tip: as soon as you receive your PGWP, apply for a Social Insurance Number (SIN) from Service Canada (if you haven’t already) or update your SIN record. A SIN is required to work and get paid in Canada. As a PGWP holder, you are eligible for a SIN that expires when your permit expires. Service Canada will issue it on the spot when you show them the work permit and your ID.
• Building Canadian Work Experience (NOC/TEER considerations): While you can work in any job with a PGWP (from survival jobs to high-skill professional roles), if your aim is to qualify for PR through Express Entry (Canadian Experience Class) or certain PNP streams, the type of work you do is important. Canadian immigration programs categorize occupations by the National Occupational Classification (NOC) system, now divided into TEER categories. Generally, jobs in TEER 0, 1, 2, or 3 (which correspond roughly to the old “skilled” jobs – managerial, professional, technical, and skilled trades roles) are the ones that count for programs like Express Entry CEC​. Jobs in TEER 4 or 5 (entry-level, manual labor, or low-skill service jobs) typically do not count for those federal programs, though they may for some provincial programs.This means if PR is your goal, you should strive to obtain skilled work experience (TEER 0 – 3) during your PGWP period. For example, working as a food service supervisor (TEER 3) or software developer (TEER 1) will count toward CEC, but working as a cashier (TEER 5) or general laborer (TEER 5) will not. It’s absolutely fine to take on any job to start – many grads work survival jobs initially – but to maximize your immigration chances, plan to move into a skilled position as soon as you can. One year of full-time skilled work (or equivalent part-time) in Canada is the threshold for Canadian Experience Class eligibility​, and Express Entry also awards additional points if you have that experience.Note: If you studied in Canada, you likely qualify for entry-level jobs easily and can work while searching for a skilled job. Use the open nature of the PGWP to your advantage – you can try different roles. Also, keep records of all your work (job letters, pay stubs) as you’ll need proof for PR applications.
• Getting a Social Insurance Number (SIN): As mentioned, having a SIN is mandatory to work in Canada. If you had a SIN as a student (which was issued on the basis of your study permit allowing off-campus work), that SIN was valid until your study permit’s expiry. Now that you have a PGWP, you need to update Service Canada with your new work permit so they extend your SIN record. The SIN itself (the number) doesn’t change; they will just update the expiry date to match your PGWP. If you never had a SIN, you must apply for one. The process is straightforward: visit a Service Canada centre with your passport and PGWP, or sometimes you can apply online. They will issue a confirmation with your SIN. You should do this before starting any new job, as employers need your SIN for payroll.
• Spousal Work Permits: One great benefit of you having a PGWP is that it can potentially help your spouse or common-law partner also work in Canada. If you are married or have a common-law partner, they may be eligible for a spousal open work permit if you (the PGWP holder) are working in a skilled occupation (TEER 0, 1, 2, or 3 role). Under IRCC’s policy for spouses of skilled workers, a spouse can get an open work permit for the same duration as the principal’s permit, provided the principal worker is employed in a NOC 0/A/B (TEER 0 – 3) job and meets a minimum income threshold or provides proof of that job (usually a letter and a few pay stubs).What this means practically: once you secure a full-time skilled job (say as a graphic designer, NOC code in TEER 1), your spouse can apply for an open work permit based on your employment. They would need your documentation (job letter, etc.) for their application. Their permit, once approved, will usually have an expiry date matching yours. This is a huge advantage for couples, as it allows both to work and gain Canadian experience.Note that as of early 2025, IRCC has been reviewing the spousal work permit program and introducing some changes (there were announcements that open spousal work permits might be more restricted based on occupation or program). However, generally, PGWP holders in skilled jobs have been included in those who can sponsor a spousal open work permit. Check the latest IRCC guidelines when you’re ready, as the policy could evolve.

  Also, if you have minor children, a PGWP allows you to stay in Canada with them, and they can attend school (usually minor children of work permit holders can study without a separate study permit, up to high school). Spouses on an open permit can work anywhere as well, so it really helps a family unit settle.

• Know Your Worker Rights: As a PGWP holder working in Canada, you are protected by the same labour laws as Canadian workers. This means you have rights to things like minimum wage, safe working conditions, overtime pay, etc., depending on provincial laws. Your immigration status (as a temporary worker) should not subject you to any different treatment by employers under the law. Be aware that you do not need an employer to “sponsor” you for this work permit – you already have an open permit, so if an employer asks for confirmation, just show your PGWP. Scams sometimes target new graduates with false job offers claiming they can extend work permits – be cautious. The PGWP cannot be extended except in very limited scenarios (passport or a one-time IRCC policy); it is expected to be your transition period to PR or other status. So use this time wisely.

In summary, working on a PGWP is as flexible as it gets. Use your open permit to explore careers, build your network, and strengthen your PR application. Keep the “big picture” in mind: aim for skilled Canadian experience if you want to stay permanently. But also enjoy the freedom – after years of structured study, you can now gain real-world experience in Canada. Many PGWP holders go on to get job offers that support PR or simply accumulate the experience needed for Express Entry. Treat your PGWP period as both an opportunity to advance your career and a countdown (since it’s time-limited) to achieve your post-PGWP plans.

VI. After the PGWP: Pathways to Staying in Canada

A PGWP is by design temporary – it gives you a few years of work authorization. What comes next? If your goal is to make Canada your long-term home, you should be planning for a permanent residence (PR) pathway during or immediately after your PGWP. Here are common routes and tips for what to do as your PGWP runs its course:

• Express Entry (Canadian Experience Class): The most popular route to PR for PGWP holders is through Express Entry, specifically the Canadian Experience Class (CEC) program. The CEC is tailored for people with Canadian work experience. To be eligible, you need at least 12 months of skilled work experience in Canada (gained within the last 3 years) in jobs that fall under NOC TEER 0, 1, 2, or 3, and meet the language requirements (CLB 7 for TEER 0 or 1 jobs, CLB 5 for TEER 2 or 3 jobs). You also must plan to live outside Quebec (Quebec has its own programs). Many international graduates find that after working for a year on their PGWP, they qualify for CEC.Express Entry is a points-based system. Beyond just eligibility, you’ll be ranked on factors like age, education, language ability, and that valuable Canadian work experience. Having Canadian education and Canadian work experience gives you bonus points, which often makes international student graduates very competitive in the Express Entry pool. For example, a person with a Canadian degree, a year of Canadian work, and strong English/French can often score quite well.Action: As you work on PGWP, prepare for Express Entry. Improve your language test scores, get your documents (like reference letters from employers) in order, and research the latest Express Entry draw trends. As soon as you hit one year of skilled work, you can create an Express Entry profile under CEC. If your score meets the cutoff, you could receive an Invitation to Apply (ITA) for PR even while you’re still on your PGWP. Many PGWP holders secure PR via CEC around the 1 to 2 year mark of working.
• Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs): Each province/territory in Canada runs its own immigration programs, some of which are tailored for international graduates or workers. Examples: Ontario has streams for international students with a job offer, or for Master’s/PhD graduates; British Columbia has a Tech stream and an International Graduate category; the Atlantic provinces have programs for those who studied there, etc. Some PNPs require a job offer, some require working in the province for a period, and some directly nominate certain in-demand graduates.If you get nominated by a province through a PNP, you can often get PR even if your Express Entry score was low, because a nomination adds 600 points in Express Entry virtually guaranteeing selection. There are also base PNPs (outside Express Entry) that lead to PR processing directly.Quebec: Quebec operates its own system. If you studied in Quebec and have advanced intermediate French ability, the Quebec Experience Program (PEQ) is a common route – it requires a Quebec diploma and (for the work stream) 12 months of Quebec work experience, or if applying as a student, to have a qualifying Quebec credential and meet language criteria. The PGWP allows you to work in Quebec and gain experience, which can support a PEQ or Quebec Skilled Worker application.

  Research the PNP options in the province where you are working or where you’d like to settle. For example, if you studied in Manitoba and work there after graduation, Manitoba’s PNP has an International Education Stream that could nominate you. Most PNPs have some preference for candidates with a connection to that province (like local education or work). Keep an eye on program criteria – some may require you to apply within a certain time of graduating.

• Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP): The PGWP cannot be renewed or extended in most cases, which means it will expire after the given length. If you apply for permanent residence and your PGWP is expiring before you get a PR decision, you don’t want to fall out of status. This is where the Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP) comes in. A BOWP is an open work permit available to PR applicants who have received a positive eligibility decision on their PR application (for Express Entry, this means you’ve received an ITA, applied for PR, and got the acknowledgement that you passed the completeness check). A BOWP “lets you keep working while you wait for the results of your permanent residence application.”You can apply for a BOWP if you are already in Canada on a valid work permit (like PGWP) that is due to expire within 4 months, and you are the principal applicant of a PR application in process (Express Entry, PNP, etc.). The BOWP is typically issued for 12 months (or until a decision on PR is made). It is open, so you can continue working for any employer in the interim. This is a lifesaver to avoid having to stop working if PR processing takes longer than your PGWP validity.Action: If your PGWP is running out and you have not got PR yet, check if you qualify for a BOWP. If yes, apply for it about 3 – 4 months before PGWP expiry. Make sure your PR application is submitted. This will “bridge” the gap. If you don’t qualify for a BOWP (say you haven’t received an ITA yet or you’re going through a PNP paper process), then talk to an immigration consultant or lawyer about other options – you might switch to a different work permit type or visitor status temporarily.
• Study Again or Other Work Permits: Some PGWP holders consider further studies (like pursuing another degree) after working, especially if PR looks out of reach and they want to maintain status. Be aware: you cannot get a second PGWP from a second study program. So if you do opt to study again, your PGWP would eventually end and you’d switch back to a study permit (and that subsequent study program would not yield another PGWP at the end). This path only makes sense if, for example, you want to gain additional qualifications to improve job prospects or if you are not ready to apply for PR and prefer to re-enter student status. It’s an expensive route, so consider it carefully.Other work permit options: If you get a valid job offer and your employer is willing, they could support you for an employer-specific work permit (like via an LMIA or a Global Talent Stream if you’re in tech, etc.) after your PGWP. Some graduates transition to such employer-sponsored permits if they need a bit more time before PR. Additionally, spouses of Canadians or PRs might look into spousal sponsorship (outside the scope here, but if you marry a Canadian for example, that’s another PR route).

In short, during your PGWP, keep the end game in sight. Plan your PR strategy early. Use the time to strengthen your profile – gain the required work experience, improve language proficiency, and gather references. If Express Entry is your target, know the points you need and work toward them. If PNP, engage with provincial opportunities (attend info sessions, etc.). And crucially, track your PGWP expiry date and don’t let it lapse without either PR, a BOWP, or another status in place.

Many international students do successfully transition to PR – in fact, that’s the intent behind the PGWP program: to retain talented individuals by giving them a chance to become permanent residents. With proper planning and use of the PGWP period, you can join the thousands of former students who make Canada their permanent home each year.

VII. Tips & Common Mistakes to Avoid

Navigating the PGWP process can be complex, but with the right approach you can avoid pitfalls. Here are some final tips and frequent mistakes to steer clear of:

• Ensure Your School and Program Are PGWP-Eligible: Before you even begin studies in Canada, verify the DLI and program eligibility. A common mistake is students realizing too late that their private college or certain program (e.g., a non-degree program in Quebec that’s not on the approved list) doesn’t grant a PGWP. Use IRCC’s resources or ask the school directly. If a program is not PGWP-eligible, you might want to choose a different institution/program if your goal is to work after graduation. Remember, if your graduation proof isn’t from a PGWP-eligible DLI/program, no PGWP​. So do that homework at the outset.
• Maintain Full-Time Status (Don’t Violate Study Permit Conditions): We can’t stress this enough – stay full-time throughout your academic terms. Falling to part-time in an unapproved way is probably the number one reason a PGWP might be refused. If you’re struggling in studies, seek academic advice or consider authorized leave if absolutely necessary (and get it approved/written). Never assume you can drop courses and make it up later without consequences. Also, work no more than the allowed 20 hours per week off-campus during academic sessions; working more than permitted during studies is a violation that could jeopardize your PGWP or future immigration. Essentially, be a status-conscious student: keep your study permit valid, extend it on time if needed, and follow all rules. Then your transition to PGWP will be smooth.
• Apply on Time – Don’t Miss the 180-Day Window: Mark the deadline on your calendar and apply early for your PGWP. There is little benefit to waiting, and there is much to lose if you forget or delay beyond 180 days. Ideally, try to apply while your study permit is still valid so that you can start working immediately. If your study permit is expiring very soon after you finish, you might even file a quick PGWP application without the transcript if you have to, and then IRCC may request it later – but the best practice is to get the completion documents quickly and apply. Remember that after 180 days, IRCC will outright refuse a PGWP (no exceptions). So procrastination can cost you your once-in-a-lifetime PGWP. Also, if you plan to travel around that time, better to apply first before leaving Canada.
• Submit a Complete Application (Upload All Required Documents): When applying, double-check that you have uploaded everything IRCC asked for: completion proof, transcripts, language test, etc. An incomplete application can lead to delays or refusals. One mistake is not uploading the transcript because “my letter should be enough” – IRCC specifically lists transcript or proof of completion, so include it to be safe. Another is forgetting to pay the correct fees (ensure you paid both $155 and $100 fees). Yet another is not writing an explanation letter if something is unusual in your case (e.g., you took a break or studied part-time one term) – it’s wise to include a short letter of explanation for any irregularities along with supporting docs, rather than hoping the officer won’t notice. Essentially, treat the PGWP application like a visa application – be thorough and proactive in anticipating any questions the officer might have.
• Renew Your Passport (If Expiring Soon): We mentioned this in section III, but it’s worth repeating: check your passport’s expiry well in advance. If your passport will expire shortly after graduation, start the renewal process with your country’s embassy as early as possible. If you can get a renewed passport before applying for PGWP, do it. A mistake some make is applying with a short-validity passport, only to get a short PGWP. While IRCC allows an extension in that case​, it’s additional paperwork and not guaranteed to be quick. It’s better to submit the application with a passport that covers the full period you want. Keep an eye on family passports too (if, say, a spouse will apply for a work permit or you have dependents, ensure their passports are also long-dated to avoid similar issues).
• Understand Work Rules While Waiting for PGWP: After applying, you can work, but be certain you applied correctly before you start working full-time. A mistake would be to start working full-time after finishing classes without actually applying for the PGWP, thinking completion of studies is enough – it isn’t. You must have submitted the application. If an employer asks for proof, be ready to show your submission confirmation. Also, know that if – in the unlikely event – your PGWP is refused, any work done after that refusal would be unauthorized (so avoid that by ensuring you were indeed eligible before applying). Another scenario: if you applied late (toward the end of the 180 days) and you had no status for a while, you shouldn’t work until you regain status through the application. Just be clear on when you are allowed to work and when you are not, to avoid accidentally breaking rules. When in doubt, consult your school’s international advisor or the IRCC help centre for clarification.
• Plan for PR Early & Use Your PGWP Time Wisely: This isn’t directly about the PGWP application, but it’s a tip for making the most of it. The clock on your PGWP cannot be paused or extended (barring bridging or one-time policies). So have a plan: if it’s 3 years, great – make those 3 years count in terms of career and PR profile. If it’s 1 year, be mindful that you’ll need to act quickly for PR or consider other options. Many make the mistake of not thinking about PR until the PGWP is almost expired – sometimes that’s too late to accumulate what you need (for example, if you had a 1-year PGWP and didn’t get a skilled job in time, you might end up short on the required experience). Start the PR process (language tests, ECA for any foreign education if needed, etc.) early so that you can apply as soon as you’re eligible. If PR looks unlikely within your PGWP timeframe, you may need to look into employer-sponsored work permits or PNPs early as well. Don’t let your permit expire without a next step, or you could be forced to leave Canada and lose the momentum.
• Stay Organized and Keep Records: Keep copies of all your documents and correspondence: your study permit, transcripts, completion letters, language test report, work permit, job letters, payslips, tax slips, everything. These will be useful not only for the PGWP application but also for PR applications. Good record-keeping can save you a lot of stress when filling forms and proving activities later on.
• Seek Help If Unsure: If at any point you are confused about the process or your situation is unusual (for example, you took a longer leave, or your school unexpectedly lost its DLI status, etc.), don’t hesitate to seek advice. University international student offices are usually well-versed in PGWP matters and can guide you. IRCC’s website and help centre Q&A are also great sources for clarifying common doubts. If it’s a complex case, consulting a licensed immigration consultant or lawyer may be worth it to avoid mistakes.

Conclusion: Applying for and obtaining a Post-Graduation Work Permit is a pivotal moment in an international student’s journey in Canada. It’s your reward for years of hard work studying, and a chance to launch your career and perhaps lay down permanent roots in Canada. By understanding the PGWP requirements and process, avoiding common errors, and planning ahead, you can maximize this opportunity. We hope this comprehensive guide has demystified the PGWP for you and provided the knowledge you need to proceed with confidence. Canada values the skills and contributions of international graduates – the PGWP is your ticket to show what you can contribute. Good luck with your application and the exciting chapter ahead!

Sources:

1. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) – “Get the right documents – Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)”​canada.ca​canada.ca
2. IRCC – “Who can apply – Post-Graduation Work Permit” (eligibility criteria)​canada.ca​canada.ca
3. IRCC – “How do I apply for a post-graduation work permit? – Help Centre”​ircc.canada.ca​ircc.canada.ca
4. IRCC – “Additional information about International Student Program reforms” (Master’s graduates 3-year PGWP)​canada.ca​canada.ca
5. IRCC – “Find your path to permanent residence” (Canadian Experience Class and PR options for graduates)​canada.ca​canada.ca
6. IRCC – “Bridging open work permit for permanent residence applicants”​canada.ca
7. IRCC – Official IRCC updates on PGWP policy changes (2024)​ircc.canada.ca​canada.ca